i76.
For the story of the creation of the coalmining industry—and the industrial and urban hinterland that grew up round it—in response to the energy shortages which developed in eighteenth century Britain, see Richard G. Wilkinson (1973), Poverty and Progress. Essentially the same analysis has been developed with respect to food production in Ester Boserup (1965), The Conditions of Agricultural Growth; and Ester Boserup, “Environment, Population and Technology in Primitive Societies”, in Donald Worster, ed. (1988), The Ends of the Earth, pp 23–38. But Wilkinson’s thesis is criticised in Michael. S. Common, “Poverty and Progress Revisited”, chapter 3 in David Collard, David W. Pearce, and David Ulph, eds. (1988), Economics, Growth and Sustainable Environments.